Group+2

Kasandra Martinez, Marisa Gloria, Melinda Moon


 * Defining Culture Notes: (6-7-11) **

Book: Mix It Up By: David Grazian
 * artistic activity
 * humanity -> art, music, and literature
 * function: intellectual, spiritual, and aesthetic development (pleasing to look at)
 * social science -> a way of life
 * socialist -> living the world as a social being in everyday life experience
 * games we all play in life all stay with us in our culture
 * wide spectrum on everyday life experiences
 * culturs is never given but put in by #|humanexperiences
 * also said to be the #|studyof culture objects in different forms
 * traditional of visual media vs social interaction
 * symbols play big cult, in diff, in culture

**﻿Defining Mass Culture Notes: (6-8-11)**

http://sociologyindex.com/mass_culture.htm
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">how culture gets produced
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">it is mass produced, distributed, and marketed
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">is a set of cultural values and ideas
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">same cultural activities, communications media, music and art
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">possible because of modern communications and electronic media
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">is transmitted through individuals
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">is the view of the citizen as consumer
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Example: In modern Russia mass culture is through mass media mainly through television. Mass media is used by people of success, family, and #|humanemotions.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">http://www.democracynature.org/dn/vol5/fotopoulos_media.htm
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">#|offersa true glimpse of reality
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">the media is owed which matters in the struggle for social change

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Book: Inventing Popular Culture By: John Storey
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">the middle-#|class fears mass culture because of industrialization, urbanization, and development if an urban-industrial working class
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">mass culture: film, radio, and magazines (uniform system)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">all mass culture is identical

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Defining Folk Culture Notes: (6-8-11) ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_culture


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Lifestyle of a culture
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Handed down
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Relates to a sense of community

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tejano_music

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Tejano music is an example of folk music. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Tejano Music:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Mexican-American population of Central and Southern Texas
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">An ethnic form of music
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Originated in Texas

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">http://arts.factexpert.com/502-folk-art.php <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Folk Art
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">A genre of art that reflect the traditional values of society.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Ordinary people expressing themselves through their creation and construction.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Conveys meaning and value to one within their culture.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Folk culture is something that an individual/group values within their culture that was handed down.


 * <span style="color: #0077ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Defining Popular Culture Notes: (6-9-11) **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">http://culturalpolitics.net/popular_culture <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">In History: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">[] *
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">various forms of popular culture, including music, film, television, advertising, sports, fashion, toys, magazines and comic books, and the medium in which this message moves, cyber culture
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Post-War America,
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">popular culture is undeniably associated with commercial culture and all its trappings: movies, television, radio, cyberspace, advertising, toys, nearly anything that is available for purchase,
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">many forms of art, photography, games, and even group "experiences" like collective comet-watching or rave dancing on ecstasy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">An important part of US material, economic and political culture.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">"Pop culture" is also one of the US' most lucrative export commodities, making everything from Levi's jeans to Sylvester Stallone movies popular on the international market.

[]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">can be seen by many people as the things that are mainly commercialized and what is "in style"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">The popular culture founded on the principle that the perspectives and experiences of common folk offer compelling insights into the social world.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">human social life is not only the art deemed worthy to hang in museums, the books that have won literary prizes or been named “classics,” or the religious and social ceremonies carried out by societies’ elite.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">//The Journal of Popular Culture// continues to break down the barriers between so-called “low” and “high” culture and focuses on filling in the gaps a neglect of popular culture has left in our understanding of the workings of society.

Mass Culture vs Popular Culture n : the culture that is widely disseminated via the mass media
 * started off as popular culture than grew to mass because of mass culture being more media.
 * Is still controlled by elite.
 * Elite is High Class & Upper Middle Class
 * mass culture

contemporary lifestyle and items that are well known and generally accepted, cultural patterns that are widespread within a population
 * pop culture

Defining Hegemony Notes: (6-10-11)

[]
 * is the political, economic, ideological or cultural [|powe]__[|r]__ exerted by a [|dominant group] over other groups
 * Hegemony, or the hegemon, //dictates// the politics of the hegemony's constituent subordinate states via [|cultural imperialism] — the imposition of its //way of life//, i.e. its language (the imperial //[|lingua franca]//) and bureaucracies (social, economic, educational, governing), to make formal its dominance — thus transforming external domination into an abstraction, because //power// is in the //status quo// ("the way things are") not in any leader(s).
 * Since the 19th century, especially in historical writing, //hegemony// describes one state's predominance over other states (e.g. [|Napoleonic France]'s European hegemony). By extension, //hegemonism// denotes the policies the great powers practice in seeking predominance, leading, then, to a definition of [|imperialism].
 * In the early 20th century, Italian political scientist [|Antonio Gramsci] developed the concept of [|cultural hegemony] by extending //political hegemony// beyond [|international relations] to the structure of [|social class], arguing that cultural hegemony showed how a social class exerts cultural "leadership" or dominance over other classes in maintaining the socio-political //[|status quo]//.
 * Examples include a province within a federation ([|Prussia] in the [|German Empire]) or one person among a committee ([|Napoleon Bonaparte] in the Consulate).

[]
 * Gramsci used the term //hegemony// to denote the predominance of one social class over others (e.g. //bourgeois hegemony//).
 * This represents not only political and economic control, but also the ability of the dominant class to project its own way of seeing the world so that those who are subordinated by it accept it as 'common sense' and 'natural'.

[]
 * **Cultural hegemony** is the [|philosophic] and [|sociological] [|concept], originated by the [|Marxist philosopher] [|Antonio Gramsci], that a culturally-diverse society can be ruled or dominated by one of its [|social classes]. It is the dominance of one social group over another, e.g. the [|ruling class] over all other classes. The theory claims that the ideas of the ruling class come to be seen as the [|norm]; they are seen as universal [|ideologies], perceived to benefit everyone whilst really benefiting only the ruling class.


 * The Functionalist Approach To Popular Culture **


 * __Rituals of Solidarity:__** "its production and consumption can bring people together by generating a shared sense of social solidarity"(Grazian, 2010)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosary
 * __Example:__** The Rosary why? Is a symbol of a religion that brings religious groups together.


 * Public Reflection **


 * __Definition:__** "Great literature, drama, and myth take abstract ideas and universal themes such as death, betrayal, love, envy, regret, ambition, and revenge and make them come alive by embodying them in fictional characters and their fantastic trails" (Grazian, 2010).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet
 * __Example:__** Romeo and Juliet why? This book and or movie is an example of public reflection due to its literature and drama dealing with death, betrayal, love, and revenge.

**Rituals of Rebelliom**


 * __Defintion:__ a**n act or way of acting that can cause people to become hostile in a situation

__**Example:**__ Halloween costumes; many children and even adults dress in drag, evil or criminal characters, gangs, witches, vampires, etc. Usually dress a way that they would dress in the everyday life.

http://www.anytimecostumes.com/products/p-02186201-03 http://www.anytimecostumes.com/products/p-02186201-04

VIDEO: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwM1TM14PA0


 * __ June 21,2011 __**
 * Chapter 5**

1. Reflection theory of culture
 * popular culture serves as a mirror that as a society, we hold up to see our own reflection as illuminated in our songs and movies we see in every day life.
 * **Challenges**: we can see not only how popular culture reflects society and the social order but how it reflects the cultural production process itself.
 * music and novels are reflections of the cultural zeitgeist, they are also reflections of other sociological realities.
 * tech constraints- under which popular culture is manufactured & performed
 * organziation apparatus- structures how it is promoted and sold
 * legal system- regulates the entire process
 * We have to see that there is more than just a cause and effect; there is way more than one reason.

2. 3 additional socialogical realities
 * tech constraints- under which popular culture is manufactured & performed. different things limit the production of culture.
 * organziation apparatus- structures how it is promoted and sold. any organization has a hold on culture. they put limits
 * legal system- regulates the entire process. promoting and copy rights

3. tech constraints pg 96


 * ex. shllack disk: puts limit on the lengths on song

4.organization apparatus pg.95
 * ex. air time is given to popular artist and songs first
 * mtv- british groups first then american band

5. legal
 * pg 93-94

6. cultural convention.
 * the taken for granted rules and agreed upon assumptions that make social activity possible.
 * include that stable use of well-defined language and terminology, etc
 * conventions are also reflected in the standardized tools and materials used to produce popular culture
 * helps through organization ; breaks and kills uniqueness ex: producer needed to cut show and edit the whole thing.


 * CHAPTER 6 **

1. pg 113-114 2. pg 116 3. secondary market
 * all alternative opportunities to generate profit from a cultural product beyond its domestic sale in it original format,
 * are associated with a number of strategies for minimizing risk because they create a host of profit-making opportunites without incurring additional production cost.

4. pg 124 5. pg 125-127 6.

<span style="color: #910808; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">CHAPTER 8

interpretive committees- consumers whose common social identities an cultural backgrounds inform their shared understanding of culture in patterned ways.
 * can be organized on the basis of, race, ethnicity, sex, gender, or religion

they share specific intellectual, religious, or political world views within a larger institutional context.
 * example: christian organization

they materalize during public debates surrounding the value or potential harm of certain types of popular culture


 * another public debate emerged among interpretive communities concerning the so-called danger of popular music, specifically rap and hip-hop


 * <span style="color: #ff00db; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">TERMS FOR STUDY (6-29-2011) **

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">**Aesthetics**
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">to how we communicate and express through the senses, through sight and sound, taste and touch
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">sensations produced are immediate and emotional
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">just like the arousal we experience from beauty or sexual attraction
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">how we value them with the beauty and pleasure.
 * EXAMPLES: fashionable commodities, generate sales while devaluing the last season's fashion.

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">**Boundary Spanners**
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">people that are responsible for making connections between individual artists and corporate media firms
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">many spanners are managers, agents, or other people representing creative personnel, or even talent seekers
 * EXAMPLES: A&R scouts in the music industry, casting directors in film & television


 * __Conspicuous leisure:__** “Of course, the very wealthy not only enjoy an excess of money but also free time, as displayed in pursuits that Veblen called conspicuous leisure. They include playing sports that emphasize specialized technical skill and elaborate training, such as golf, polo, fencing, or equestrian riding, and studying dead languages like ancient Greek” (Grazian, 140).


 * __Cultural capital__**: “One’s store of knowledge and proficiency with artistic and cultural styles that are valued by society, and confer prestige and honor upon those associated with them. Cultural capital refers to one’s ability to appreciate and discuss intelligently not only the fine arts but elite forms of popular culture as well, such as art-house cinema and foreign films, critically acclaimed novels, television and NPR radio programs, and sophisticated magazines like //Harper’s// and //The New Yorker//” (Grazian,141).

Examples: Magazine editors, movie viewers, and news producers
 * __Surrogate Consumers:__** Consumers that give importance to the overall output of both media and culture. Surrogate Consumers " expected to make choices on behalf of their readers and viewers, ordinary paying consumers like you and me" (Grazian, 115)

__**Conspicuous leisure:**__ "the very wealthy not only enjoy an excess of money but also free time" (Grazian, 140). Examples: Such leisure include playing sports that emphasize specialized technical skill and elaborate training, such as golf, polo,fencing.